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<title>Natural Area Code</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Natural Area Code</span></span>

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<p><b>Natural Area Code</b>, also called <b>Universal Address</b>, is a geocode generated by the Natural Area Coding System - a public domain geocode system for identifying an area (also a location when the area is relatively small enough) anywhere on the <a href="Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, or a volume of space anywhere around and inside the Earth. The use of thirty alphanumeric characters instead of only ten digits makes a NAC shorter than its numerical <a href="Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>/<a href="Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> equivalent.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Two-dimensional_system">Two-dimensional system</h2></div>

<p>Instead of numerical longitudes and latitudes, a grid with 30 rows and 30 columns - each cell denoted by the numbers 0-9 and the twenty consonants of the <a href="Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> - is laid over the flattened globe. A NAC cell (or block) can be subdivided repeatedly into smaller NAC grids to yield an arbitrarily small area, subject to the ±1 m limitations of the <a href="World_Geodetic_System" title="World Geodetic System">World Geodetic System</a> (WGS) data of 1984.

</p><p>A NAC represents an area on the Earth—the longer the NAC, the smaller the area (and thereby, location) represented. A ten-character NAC can uniquely specify any <a href="Building" title="Building">building</a>, <a href="House" title="House">house</a>, or fixed object in the world. An eight-character NAC specifies an area no larger than 25 metres by 50 metres, while a ten-character NAC cell is no larger than 0.8 metres by 1.6 metres.

</p><p>Using a base 30 positional numeral system, NAC uses an alternate method which excludes vowels and avoids potential confusion between "0" (zero) and "O" (capital "o"), and "1" (one) and "I" (capital "i"):

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<th>Decimal

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<td>14

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<th>Base 30

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<td>G

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<th>Decimal

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<td>29

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<th>Base 30

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<td>Z

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<p>For example, the ten-character NAC for the centre of the city of <a href="Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> is HBV6R RG77T.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extension_to_three_dimensions">Extension to three dimensions</h2></div>

<p>The full NAC system provides a third coordinate: altitude. This coordinate is the <a href="Arctangent" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctangent">arctangent</a> of the altitude, relative to the Earth's radius, and scaled so that the zero point (000...) is at the centre of the Earth, the midpoint (H00...) is the local radius of the geoid, i.e. the Earth's surface, and the endpoint (ZZZ...) is at infinity.

</p><p>For example, the three-dimensional NAC for the centre of Brussels, at ground level, is HBV6R RG77T H0000.

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<ul><li><a href="Military_Grid_Reference_System" title="Military Grid Reference System">Military Grid Reference System</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system" title="Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system">Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadtree" title="Quadtree">Quadtree</a></li>

<li><a href="Geohash" title="Geohash">Geohash</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRwerekaneNdashimye2017" class="citation journal cs1">Rwerekane, Valentin; Ndashimye, Maurice (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijcce.org/vol6/489-C095.pdf">"Natural Area Coding Based Postcode Scheme"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering</i>. <b>6</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">161–</span>172. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17706%2FIJCCE.2017.6.3.161-172">10.17706/IJCCE.2017.6.3.161-172</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wireless-earth.de/fg_lbs/meeting_2/FG_2005_Proceedings.pdf#page=7"><i>Addressing geographic objects of unique location areas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FernUniversitaet in Hagen. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKemp2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kemp, Randall B. (24 October 2008). "Revising place-code schemes for humanitarian relief". <i>Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology</i>. <b>44</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>7.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Geocode_systems155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Geocode" title="Geocode">Geocode systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_FIPS_country_codes" title="List of FIPS country codes">FIPS country code</a> (FIPS 10-4)</li>

<li><a href="Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS place code</a> (FIPS 55)</li>

<li><a href="FIPS_county_code" title="FIPS county code">FIPS county code</a> (FIPS 6-4)</li>

<li><a href="Federal_Information_Processing_Standard_state_code" title="Federal Information Processing Standard state code">FIPS state code</a> (FIPS 5-2)</li>

<li><a href="GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS codes</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Standard_Geographical_Classification_code_(Canada)" title="Standard Geographical Classification code (Canada)">SGC codes</a> (Canada)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Airport_code" title="Airport code">Airport codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA airport code</a></li>

<li><a href="ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO airport code</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Country_code" title="Country code">Country codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">IANA country code</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">alpha-2</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3">alpha-3</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO_3166-1_numeric" title="ISO 3166-1 numeric">numeric</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_aircraft_registration_prefixes" title="List of aircraft registration prefixes">Aircraft prefixes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">IOC country code</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_FIFA_country_codes" title="List of FIFA country codes">FIFA country code</a></li>

<li><a href="International_vehicle_registration_code" title="International vehicle registration code">Vehicle country codes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geodesic" title="Geodesic">Geodesic</a><br>place codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Discrete_global_grid" title="Discrete global grid">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="C-squares" title="C-squares">C-squares</a></li>

<li><a href="Geohash" title="Geohash">Geohash</a></li>

<li><a href="Geohash-36" title="Geohash-36">Geohash-36</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Geographic_Reference_System" title="World Geographic Reference System">GEOREF</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Map_of_the_World" title="International Map of the World">International Map of the World</a> indexing system</li>

<li><a href="Mapcode" title="Mapcode">Mapcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Marsden_square" title="Marsden square">Marsden square</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Grid_Reference_System" title="Military Grid Reference System">Military Grid Reference System</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a></li>

<li><a href="UN/LOCODE" title="UN/LOCODE">UN/LOCODE</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Meteorological_Organization_squares" title="World Meteorological Organization squares">WMO squares</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ICES_Statistical_Rectangles" title="ICES Statistical Rectangles">ICES Statistical Rectangles</a> (north-east Atlantic region)</li>

<li><a href="Irish_grid_reference_system" title="Irish grid reference system">Irish grid reference system</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Topographic_System" title="National Topographic System">National Topographic System</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">Ordnance Survey National Grid</a> (UK)</li>

<li><a href="National_Level_Addressing_Grid" title="National Level Addressing Grid">National Level Addressing Grid</a> (India)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Postal_code" title="Postal code">Postal codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Postcodes_in_Australia" title="Postcodes in Australia">Australian post codes</a></li>

<li><a href="C%C3%B3digo_de_Endere%C3%A7amento_Postal" title="Código de Endereçamento Postal">CEP</a> (Brazil)</li>

<li><a href="Eircode" class="mw-redirect" title="Eircode">Eircodes</a> (Republic of Ireland)</li>

<li><a href="Postcodes_in_New_Zealand" title="Postcodes in New Zealand">New Zealand post codes</a></li>

<li><a href="Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">Postal Index Number</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="UK_post_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="UK post codes">United Kingdom post codes</a></li>

<li><a href="ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> (United States)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Telephony" title="Telephony">Telephony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_ITU_letter_codes" title="List of ITU letter codes">ITU-R country codes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_country_calling_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country calling codes">ITU-T country calling codes</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_country_code" title="Mobile country code">ITU-T mobile calling codes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">Amateur radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Maidenhead_Locator_System" title="Maidenhead Locator System">Maidenhead Locator System</a></li>

<li>Historical : <a href="QRA_locator" title="QRA locator">QRA locator</a></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-13" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Natural_Area_Code&oldid=1295331395">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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